Most of this stuff you would get from a command line or WMI if you wanted it. SQL Server would then access that the same way, with an XP_CMDSHELL or an XP_REGREAD.

However I'm sure how much detail you'll get. T-SQL isn't really designed for this. You'd need to build something that would find the data and then perhaps import it into SQL Server.

As Gail mentioned, perhaps you should describe the problem in more detail.