Nicely written article, Jeff! I'm new to this forum so don't know if you've covered it already, but it might be nice to see a counterpart to this article, Converting Columns to Rows. Maybe it doesn't warrant an entire article as I realize it is pretty straight forward, but it is common to recieve data in crosstabbed format also. The reason I mention it is that before I realized how easy it is to "uncrosstab" data using SQL, I used to have complex VB code in the UI to do it, which is VERY slow. I often find that if I take off the "programmer guy" hat and put on the "database guy" hat, the database can do things like that much more efficiently.