You could create a table valued function, which stores the values in a resultset.

Temp tables wont be stored in here, but its almost the same...

Sample Code:

CREATE FUNCTION YourFunctionName (@VariablesYouNeedHere )

RETURNS @RESULT_SET TABLE (YourFieldNamesAndTypesHere)

AS

BEGIN

Insert into @RESULT_SET

Select YourFieldNames

from tablex

where fieldy = @VariablesYouPassed

RETURN

END