CTEs work pretty much the same way as derived tables. They have the advantage of "build once, reference many", but in cases where you just use the derived table once, a CTE and a derived table are essentially the same, and will resolve the same way in the query engine.

In those cases, I currently use CTEs instead of derived tables, because I find they make for more readable code. The final select statement isn't as cluttered. No performance reason, just easier to read.

Also, since I am using CTEs in the places where they have significant advantages over derived tables (self-reference, multi-reference, query-of-query), using them in other places is more consistent, and that helps me to set and maintain a standard.