One license = one core. 16 cores, 16 licenses.
Incorrect. You can only buy licenses in packs of two. The the price mentioned above is for one license "pack". Meaning 2 cores. The double ** at the bottom of the URL you posted:
**Editions sold in the per-core licensing model are sold as 2 core packs.
I've spent over $170,000 over a 6 year period on the 12 licenses of Enterprise Edition to cover the 24 cores we are running. Planned and purchased through a licensed Microsoft re-seller.