From knowledge base

SQL Server does not allow you to attach a single file of a database that contains multiple files. The attach looks for all files that belong to the database during the attach and if it cannot find the files with the corresponding GUID, it fails the attach. Similarly, if you create a blank database with the same filenames and filegroups as the original database, replace some of the files, and then attempt to let SQL recover the database upon startup, recovery fails as indicated by the errorlog.