;WITH SampleData AS (
SELECT MyDate = CAST('2014-01-27 05:59:59.997' AS DATETIME) UNION ALL
SELECT '2014-01-27 06:00:00.000' UNION ALL
SELECT '2014-01-27 06:00:00.003' UNION ALL
SELECT '2014-01-27 17:59:59.994' UNION ALL
SELECT '2014-01-27 17:59:59.997' UNION ALL
SELECT '2014-01-27 18:00:00.000')
SELECT
MyDate,
CONVERT(CHAR(8),MyDate, 112) + CASE WHEN DATEPART(HOUR,MyDate) >= 6 AND DATEPART(HOUR,MyDate) < 18 THEN '1' ELSE '2' END
FROM SampleData
For fast, accurate and documented assistance in answering your questions, please read this article.
Understanding and using APPLY, (I) and (II) Paul White
Hidden RBAR: Triangular Joins / The "Numbers" or "Tally" Table: What it is and how it replaces a loop Jeff Moden