I'm not an Oracle person, so my understanding here may be grossly inadequate, but the short answer is No.

The longer answer is, I think, that you're doing lots and lots of CLOB and BLOB storage in Oracle to get around limitations in the VARCHAR and VARBINARY fields. We don't have those same limitations within SQL Server. So, as was noted, you can use VARBINARY(MAX) or VARCHAR(MAX) to store large binary or text objects, but still have the full functions associated with those data types. There wouldn't then be a need for all the functions associated with DBMS_LOB.