No, enabling/disabling any installation features does not need a service pack reinstall these days, thankfully that all went out of the window with NT, that had very specific processes for adding new features to windows which don't matter any more. However, the only caveat with that is if you were to enable Analysis Services for instance, a few updates may be available via Windows Update/WSUS that are specific to that feature, so you many need those, but you don't need to do a service pack reinstall.

The simplest way to test would be to do this on a standalone instance, and just check Windows Update/WSUS afterwards and see if anything new is available.