You could use the new functions in 2012 to do this, but I'm not sure that this would be any cheaper than using a ROW_NUMBER()

SELECT

i.Cost_Center_code

,i.Payment_code

,i.INV_No

,LAG(i.Cost_Center_code, 1) OVER (ORDER BY Cost_Center_Code, Payment_Code, Inv_No) AS [prev_cost_center_code]

,LAG(i.Payment_code, 1) OVER (ORDER BY Cost_Center_Code, Payment_Code, Inv_No) AS [prev_payment_code]

,LAG(i.INV_No, 1) OVER (ORDER BY Cost_Center_Code, Payment_Code, Inv_No) AS [prev_Inv_no]

,LEAD(i.Cost_Center_code, 1) OVER (ORDER BY Cost_Center_Code, Payment_Code, Inv_No) AS [next_cost_center_code]

,LEAD(i.Payment_code, 1) OVER (ORDER BY Cost_Center_Code, Payment_Code, Inv_No) AS [next_payment_code]

,LEAD(i.INV_No, 1) OVER (ORDER BY Cost_Center_Code, Payment_Code, Inv_No) AS [next_Inv_no]

FROM

#Invoice_t AS i;