Using the weekly scenario that was mentioned, it will help your sanity if...

1) Schedule the Weekly Full backup (i.e. Sun) and the Daily Differential (M-F or M-Sa) at the same time of day

2) Schedule the log backups at a slightly odd start time (i.e. 12:01:35) so they can not run (and will not be running) when either the Full or the Differential is running.

3) Additionally, or as an alternative, to have the log backup job disable the log backup before the Full or Differential begins, and re-enable it when the Full or Differential is complete.

4) Experience and familiarity with the particular server, databases and application will help you to know how long the backups might run. Usually the Differentials are much quicker than the Full backup, but if a database has heavy user traffic it might take longer and also might consume more drive space toward the end of the week.

FWIW, nearly all of my databases (over 300 servers) are set up with Log backups every 15 minutes, but will not run during the Full or Differential backups. If a server has multiple user databases, I try to stagger the run times.