i might be reading it wrong, but i think you just want to use either a CTE or a subquery, so you can further group your data;
something like this, maybe?
SELECT
[Deposit ID],
SUM([Deposit Amount]) AS TotalDeposits,
SUM([Receipt Amount]) AS TotalReceipts
FROM (SELECT
DISTINCT
[Deposit ID],
[Deposit Amount],
[Receipt #],
[Receipt Amount]
FROM MyTable) MyAlias
GROUP BY [Deposit ID]
Lowell