Well that was close. There were still a few issues but I was able to muddle my way through. (the insert issue was the very last one on the list had too many NULLs at the end.

Now that I could actually see what was going on this whole procedure can be made about a million times more simple.

Basically all you were doing was getting all the towns, then looping through them one at a time and updating the PermitsCountdown to the value in Permits where the PermitsCountdown <> Permits. You can do this in a single update statement with no need at all for a cursor.

Unless I am missing something I think you could change your entire sp_ResetPermitsCountdown proc to be as simple as:

CREATE PROCEDURE [survey].[sp_ResetPermitsCountdown] AS

update [survey].[FirewoodTowns]

set PermitsCountdown = Permits

where PermitsCountdown <> Permits

Also, you really should not use the "sp_" prefix for your procedure names. SQL server will first think is a system stored proc.