Query sys.default_constraints, link it back to sys.columns and you get the default name, table name and column name.

For rules, they are a depereciated feature, you should consider changing them all to check constraints.

SELECT

OBJECT_NAME(sc.rule_object_id) AS RuleName

,OBJECT_NAME(sc.object_id) AS TableName

,sc.name AS ColumnName

FROM

sys.objects so

JOIN

sys.columns sc

ON

so.object_id = sc.rule_object_id

WHERE

so.type_desc = 'rule'