Remember that Google (or other search engines you prefer) are your friend, all the information you have asked for can be found by a few searches on the internet.

1 - Upgrade advisor can analyse remote instances except SSRS servers, so you can have it installed on your desktop and check your 2005 server to see if it is upgradable. Doesnt matter where it is installed as long as it can see the SQL server which is live at the moment (so your 2005 server)

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=11455

2 - Assuming that upgrade advisor shows no issues in upgrading, Switch off all applications from access SQL, backup all databases, create all server wide objects, logins, linked servers, triggers etc. Migrate databases using what ever method you want to use. Test Test Test Test Test. Rebuild all indexes, rebuild all statistics, recompile all objects http://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/1936/sql-server-database-migration-checklist/

3 - Use SSIS to transfer logins using the login transfer task, or use sp_help_revlogin http://support.microsoft.com/kb/246133

All other server objects need to be scripted and redeployed, unless you manually recreate them on the other side. Easy enough to do just right click the object in 2005 and select script as.

4 - Upgrading SSIS packages, read this link http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc280546%28v=sql.100%29.aspx