• The simple school maths level answer

    Never average averages.

    The slightly better answer

    Never average averages unless the sample sizes of all elements are identical

    The reason

    suppose you have a set of average speeds for traffic along a road

    January 30mph

    February 45mph

    March 15 mph

    What is the average speed for the quarter

    You cannot tell as you do not have sufficient information - you might think its (30+45+15)/3 = 30

    That is highly unlikely to be correct - for two reasons

    1 you don't know the sample sizes

    2 speeds are ratios

    Now suppose you know that you have

    January

    Vehicle a 10 miles at 30 mph

    Vehicle b 5 miles at 30 mph

    vehicle c 25 miles at 30 mph

    February

    Vehicle d 10 miles at 50 mph

    Vehicle e 10 miles at 40 mph

    March

    vehicle f 25 miles at 15 mph

    Total distance travelled = 85 miles

    Total time taken (10/30)+(5/30)+(25/30)+(10/50)+(10/40)+(25/15)=

    3.45 hours

    Average speed= 85/3.45

    =~ 24.64 mph