September 24, 2012 at 7:36 am
Hi all,
I am looking at a table which holds a record of things typed by different users into a field in our front end. It looks something a bit like this:
UserName Time FieldValue
Bob Hope 12:00:00 We cannot do anything until 1 O'Clock - the penguin needs defrosting
Rolf Harris 13:00:00 We cannot do anything until 1 O'Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it
Jeff Bridges 13:13:00 We cannot do anything until 1 O'Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It's Alive!
Jenny Bond 13:46:25 We cannot do anything until 1 O'Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It's Alive! I let it go.
The basic format is that text is never removed; each new entry is appended on to the end of the last entry in a new row on the table (presumably this enables the history function to work for users in the front end). My problem is that when I produce a report of all the messages in the field, I only want to list the addition that each person made:
UserName Time FieldValue
Bob Hope 12:00:00 We cannot do anything until 1 O'Clock - the penguin needs defrosting
Rolf Harris 13:00:00 I have defrosted it
Jeff Bridges 13:13:00 It's Alive!
Jenny Bond 13:46:25 I let it go.
Given that the Field value is stared as a text datatype and it is conceivable that the total message length may exceed 8000 characters, is there any way to achieve what I want? If I start using substrings etc, I will limit myself to 8000 characters, even when using a VARCHAR(MAX) (At least I think that is the case..?)
Any help much appreciated, as I am beginning to pull my hair...
Thanks
Mark
September 24, 2012 at 8:04 am
-- sample data
DROP TABLE #Sample
CREATE TABLE #Sample (UserName VARCHAR(15), [Time] CHAR(8), FieldValue TEXT)
INSERT INTO #Sample (UserName, [Time], FieldValue)
SELECT 'Bob Hope', '12:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting'
UNION ALL SELECT 'Rolf Harris', '13:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it'
UNION ALL SELECT 'Jeff Bridges', '13:13:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive!'
UNION ALL SELECT 'Jenny Bond', '13:46:25', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive! I let it go.'
-- solution
;WITH SequencedData AS (
SELECT
UserName,
[Time],
FieldValue = CAST(FieldValue AS VARCHAR(MAX)),
rn = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [Time])
FROM #Sample
),
rCTE AS (
SELECT UserName, [Time], rn,
UserString = FieldValue,
FieldValue = FieldValue
FROM SequencedData
WHERE rn = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT tr.UserName, tr.[Time], tr.rn,
UserString = LTRIM(REPLACE(tr.FieldValue,lr.FieldValue,'')),
FieldValue = tr.FieldValue
FROM SequencedData tr
INNER JOIN rCTE lr ON lr.rn+1 = tr.rn
)
SELECT UserName, [Time], UserString
FROM rCTE
For fast, accurate and documented assistance in answering your questions, please read this article.
Understanding and using APPLY, (I) and (II) Paul White
Hidden RBAR: Triangular Joins / The "Numbers" or "Tally" Table: What it is and how it replaces a loop Jeff Moden
September 24, 2012 at 8:08 am
Another possible:
IF OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..#T') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #T;
CREATE TABLE #T
(EntryID INT NOT NULL,
EntryTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
FieldValue VARCHAR(MAX));
INSERT INTO #T
(EntryID, EntryTime, FieldValue)
VALUES (1, '20120924 00:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting'),
(1, '20120924 13:00:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it'),
(1, '20120924 13:05:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive!'),
(1, '20120924 13:10:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive! I let it go.');
SELECT T1.EntryTime,
LTRIM(STUFF(T1.FieldValue, 1, ISNULL(LEN(Previous.FieldValue), 0), ''))
FROM #T AS T1
OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP (1)
*
FROM #T AS T2
WHERE T1.EntryID = T2.EntryID
AND T1.EntryTime > T2.EntryTime
ORDER BY EntryTime DESC) AS Previous
ORDER BY T1.EntryTime;
Outer Apply grabs the immediately prior row, if any, gets the Len() of the value, and uses Stuff() to get rid of that much of the beginning of the string.
Using Replace() (as per Chris idea), might not work if a string can repeat itself inside the data. If, for example, the first entry were "Hello!", and the second were then "Hello! Hello! to you too", you'd end up with the "Hello!" substring stripped out where it's not supposed to be. If that's not a possible scenario (repeating string), then it won't matter and either will work.
- Gus "GSquared", RSVP, OODA, MAP, NMVP, FAQ, SAT, SQL, DNA, RNA, UOI, IOU, AM, PM, AD, BC, BCE, USA, UN, CF, ROFL, LOL, ETC
Property of The Thread
"Nobody knows the age of the human race, but everyone agrees it's old enough to know better." - Anon
September 24, 2012 at 8:14 am
Hi and welcome to SSC. It is difficult to answer your question because there is not a lot of detail in the question. From your description I am pretty sure that you can accomplish this. You just need to find the text of the "previous" entry and replace that with ''.
create table #SomeData
(
UserName varchar(20),
EntryTime Time,
FieldValue varchar(max)
)
insert #SomeData
select 'Bob Hope', '12:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting' union all
select 'Rolf Harris', '13:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it' union all
select 'Jeff Bridges', '13:13:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive!' union all
select 'Jenny Bond', '13:46:25', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive! I let it go.'
;with cte as
(
select *, ROW_NUMBER()over(order by EntryTime) as RowNum
from #SomeData
)
, cte2 as
(
SELECT UserName, EntryTime, c1.FieldValue as FieldValue1, c1.RowNum, (select c2.FieldValue from cte c2 where c2.RowNum = c1.RowNum - 1) as FieldValue2 FROM cte c1
)
select UserName, EntryTime, ltrim(isnull(REPLACE(FieldValue1, FieldValue2, ''), FieldValue1)) as NewValue from cte2
drop table #SomeData
Notice how I posted sample data and structures. This is something you should consider on future posts. You can view the first link in my signature for best practices when posting questions.
--EDIT--
LOL it seems that two others posted while I was writing my response. :hehe:
_______________________________________________________________
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Cross Tabs and Pivots, Part 1 – Converting Rows to Columns - http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/T-SQL/63681/
Cross Tabs and Pivots, Part 2 - Dynamic Cross Tabs - http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Crosstab/65048/
Understanding and Using APPLY (Part 1) - http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/APPLY/69953/
Understanding and Using APPLY (Part 2) - http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/APPLY/69954/
September 24, 2012 at 8:18 am
I like the approach that G2 took using apply. Didn't think about repeating strings get removed.
This exercise is a good example of why data should be stored differently. If your application stored only the current entry none of this would be happening at all. That of course is not always possible or feasible to retrofit but definitely something to consider for future applications.
_______________________________________________________________
Need help? Help us help you.
Read the article at http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Best+Practices/61537/ for best practices on asking questions.
Need to split a string? Try Jeff Modens splitter http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Tally+Table/72993/.
Cross Tabs and Pivots, Part 1 – Converting Rows to Columns - http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/T-SQL/63681/
Cross Tabs and Pivots, Part 2 - Dynamic Cross Tabs - http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Crosstab/65048/
Understanding and Using APPLY (Part 1) - http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/APPLY/69953/
Understanding and Using APPLY (Part 2) - http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/APPLY/69954/
September 24, 2012 at 8:25 am
Thanks Chris and GSquared for replies and speed!
I see how those work; my concern is that using things like REPLACE(),LEN(),LEFT() on a text field of more than 8000 characters will truncate the length down to 8000 characters, meaning that I could lose data off the end of my fieldvalue; the example below will return 8000:
DECLARE @String VARCHAR(MAX) = REPLICATE('a',10000)
SELECT LEN(@String)
I am using SQL Server 2008 R2, so the VARCHAR(MAX) should be able to hold something like 2^31 characters
Edit:
Wow - you post faster than I do! I hear you about the need for sample data - taken on board. Unfortunately, we are using a database built by an external software company and have no real control over the format.
September 24, 2012 at 8:30 am
GSquared (9/24/2012)
Another possible:
IF OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..#T') IS NOT NULLDROP TABLE #T;
CREATE TABLE #T
(EntryID INT NOT NULL,
EntryTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
FieldValue VARCHAR(MAX));
INSERT INTO #T
(EntryID, EntryTime, FieldValue)
VALUES (1, '20120924 00:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting'),
(1, '20120924 13:00:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it'),
(1, '20120924 13:05:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive!'),
(1, '20120924 13:10:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive! I let it go.');
SELECT T1.EntryTime,
LTRIM(STUFF(T1.FieldValue, 1, ISNULL(LEN(Previous.FieldValue), 0), ''))
FROM #T AS T1
OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP (1)
*
FROM #T AS T2
WHERE T1.EntryID = T2.EntryID
AND T1.EntryTime > T2.EntryTime
ORDER BY EntryTime DESC) AS Previous
ORDER BY T1.EntryTime;
Outer Apply grabs the immediately prior row, if any, gets the Len() of the value, and uses Stuff() to get rid of that much of the beginning of the string.
Using Replace() (as per Chris idea), might not work if a string can repeat itself inside the data. If, for example, the first entry were "Hello!", and the second were then "Hello! Hello! to you too", you'd end up with the "Hello!" substring stripped out where it's not supposed to be. If that's not a possible scenario (repeating string), then it won't matter and either will work.
Good point, Gus. First mental pass used STUFF but it flew away during coding.
-- sample data
DROP TABLE #Sample
CREATE TABLE #Sample (UserName VARCHAR(15), [Time] CHAR(8), FieldValue TEXT)
INSERT INTO #Sample (UserName, [Time], FieldValue)
SELECT 'Bob Hope', '12:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting'
UNION ALL SELECT 'Rolf Harris', '13:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it'
UNION ALL SELECT 'Jeff Bridges', '13:13:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive!'
UNION ALL SELECT 'Jenny Bond', '13:46:25', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive! I let it go.'
-- solution
;WITH SequencedData AS (
SELECT
UserName,
[Time],
FieldValue = CAST(FieldValue AS VARCHAR(MAX)),
rn = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [Time])
FROM #Sample
),
rCTE AS (
SELECT UserName, [Time], rn,
UserString = FieldValue,
FieldValue = FieldValue
FROM SequencedData
WHERE rn = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT tr.UserName, tr.[Time], tr.rn,
UserString = LTRIM(STUFF(tr.FieldValue,1,DATALENGTH(lr.FieldValue),'')),
FieldValue = tr.FieldValue
FROM SequencedData tr
INNER JOIN rCTE lr ON lr.rn+1 = tr.rn
)
SELECT UserName, [Time], UserString
FROM rCTE
For fast, accurate and documented assistance in answering your questions, please read this article.
Understanding and using APPLY, (I) and (II) Paul White
Hidden RBAR: Triangular Joins / The "Numbers" or "Tally" Table: What it is and how it replaces a loop Jeff Moden
September 24, 2012 at 8:33 am
High Plains Grifter (9/24/2012)
Thanks Chris and GSquared for replies and speed!I see how those work; my concern is that using things like REPLACE(),LEN(),LEFT() on a text field of more than 8000 characters will truncate the length down to 8000 characters, meaning that I could lose data off the end of my fieldvalue; the example below will return 8000:
DECLARE @String VARCHAR(MAX) = REPLICATE('a',10000)
SELECT LEN(@String)
I am using SQL Server 2008 R2, so the VARCHAR(MAX) should be able to hold something like 2^31 characters
Edit:
Wow - you post faster than I do! I hear you about the need for sample data - taken on board. Unfortunately, we are using a database built by an external software company and have no real control over the format.
DECLARE @String VARCHAR(MAX) = REPLICATE(CAST('a' AS VARCHAR(MAX)),10000)
SELECT LEN(@String)
For fast, accurate and documented assistance in answering your questions, please read this article.
Understanding and using APPLY, (I) and (II) Paul White
Hidden RBAR: Triangular Joins / The "Numbers" or "Tally" Table: What it is and how it replaces a loop Jeff Moden
September 24, 2012 at 8:37 am
Ok... Magic? I guess that one needs a google; I cannot explain that by looking!
September 24, 2012 at 8:41 am
High Plains Grifter (9/24/2012)
Ok... Magic? I guess that one needs a google; I cannot explain that by looking!
There's a good explanation in BOL - the output datatype of REPLICATE depends upon the input datatype. Casting outside of REPLICATE is too late.
For fast, accurate and documented assistance in answering your questions, please read this article.
Understanding and using APPLY, (I) and (II) Paul White
Hidden RBAR: Triangular Joins / The "Numbers" or "Tally" Table: What it is and how it replaces a loop Jeff Moden
September 24, 2012 at 8:44 am
Ok, well I don't quite get why SQL Server only truncates some strings, but I have a way that fails to work and your example using CAST() which does work to look at so I reckon I can solve that one myself.
Thanks a lot for your excellent help - I can continue to write and to learn.
Cheers and cheerio!
Mark
September 24, 2012 at 8:49 am
High Plains Grifter (9/24/2012)
Ok, well I don't quite get why SQL Server only truncates some strings, but I have a way that fails to work and your example using CAST() which does work to look at so I reckon I can solve that one myself.Thanks a lot for your excellent help - I can continue to write and to learn.
Cheers and cheerio!
Mark
Thanks for the feedback Mark. I'd recommend you investigate Gus's solution as it will likely perform better than a rCTE.
For fast, accurate and documented assistance in answering your questions, please read this article.
Understanding and using APPLY, (I) and (II) Paul White
Hidden RBAR: Triangular Joins / The "Numbers" or "Tally" Table: What it is and how it replaces a loop Jeff Moden
September 24, 2012 at 11:23 am
High Plains Grifter (9/24/2012)
Ok, well I don't quite get why SQL Server only truncates some strings, but I have a way that fails to work and your example using CAST() which does work to look at so I reckon I can solve that one myself.Thanks a lot for your excellent help - I can continue to write and to learn.
Cheers and cheerio!
Mark
The reason it truncates some and not others is the precedence on implicit conversions/definitions.
SELECT 'a' AS StringColumn;
That doesn't explicitly define the datatype of the column. To find out what it is, you can look at the defaults set on the server you're running it on, or you can change it to:
IF OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..#T') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #T;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
SELECT 'a' AS StringColumn
INTO #T;
SELECT (SELECT TOP (1)
name
FROM sys.types
WHERE types.system_type_id = columns.system_type_id),
max_length,
precision,
scale
FROM tempdb.sys.columns
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..#T');
What you'll probably end up with is varchar(1). Some connections will define the default length as 25 or even 50, but without checking you really can't be sure what it is.
Now try replacing the Select Into with this:
SELECT CAST('a' AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS StringColumn
INTO #T;
You should get what looks like varchar(-1). Max-length of -1 = "max" in sys.columns.
So, when you use the default "REPLICATE('a', 10000)", you're getting a regular version of varchar, not the large-object-version, because regular is the default. That can only go to 8k characters, so that's all you get.
For more information on it, research implicit conversions. Start here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa224021(v=SQL.80).aspx
The solution I gave you works just fine with long data. Try this:
IF OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..#T') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #T;
CREATE TABLE #T
(EntryID INT NOT NULL,
EntryTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
FieldValue VARCHAR(MAX));
INSERT INTO #T
(EntryID, EntryTime, FieldValue)
VALUES (1, '20120924 00:00:00', 'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting'),
(1, '20120924 13:00:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it'),
(1, '20120924 13:05:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive!'),
(1, '20120924 13:10:00',
'We cannot do anything until 1 O''Clock - the penguin needs defrosting I have defrosted it It''s Alive! I let it go.'),
(2, '20120924 00:00:00', REPLICATE(CAST('a' AS VARCHAR(MAX)), 10000)),
(2, '20120924 00:00:01', REPLICATE(CAST('a' AS VARCHAR(MAX)), 10000) + CAST('x' AS VARCHAR(MAX)));
SELECT T1.EntryTime,
LTRIM(STUFF(T1.FieldValue, 1, ISNULL(LEN(Previous.FieldValue), 0), ''))
FROM #T AS T1
OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP (1)
*
FROM #T AS T2
WHERE T1.EntryID = T2.EntryID
AND T1.EntryTime > T2.EntryTime
ORDER BY EntryTime DESC) AS Previous
ORDER BY T1.EntryTime;
The only modification is that I added EntryID 2 data to the end of the insert and tested that. You can add a length-check to it:
SELECT T1.EntryTime, LEN(T1.FieldValue),
LTRIM(STUFF(T1.FieldValue, 1, ISNULL(LEN(Previous.FieldValue), 0), ''))
FROM #T AS T1
OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP (1)
*
FROM #T AS T2
WHERE T1.EntryID = T2.EntryID
AND T1.EntryTime > T2.EntryTime
ORDER BY EntryTime DESC) AS Previous
ORDER BY T1. EntryID, T1.EntryTime;
(The results also make more sense if you add EntryID to the Order By.)
Does that help?
(Edit to fix a formatting tag.)
- Gus "GSquared", RSVP, OODA, MAP, NMVP, FAQ, SAT, SQL, DNA, RNA, UOI, IOU, AM, PM, AD, BC, BCE, USA, UN, CF, ROFL, LOL, ETC
Property of The Thread
"Nobody knows the age of the human race, but everyone agrees it's old enough to know better." - Anon
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