• The only thing that tripped me up was:

    The amount of space used DOES depend on the fragmentation of the index that supports the FOREIGN KEY constraint.

    I took this to imply that such an index exists. "A-ha! There is no such an index!" is a bit sneaky but fair, I suppose. You did provide the entire table creation script so I can't complain.

    ron

    -----
    a haiku...

    NULL is not zero
    NULL is not an empty string
    NULL is the unknown