No. Not really. This is psuedo-code to describe the situation:

WITH MyCTE(...)

INSERT INTO MyTable

SELECT * FROM MyCTE AS x

JOIN MyCTE as y

ON x.ID = Y.ID

and x.Type=1

JOIN MyCTE AS z

ON x.ID = z.ID

AND z.Type=2

Something like this will work fine. But if I did this:

WITH MyCTE(...)

INSERT INTO MyTable

SELECT * FROM MyCTE as X

INSERT INTO MyOtherTable

SELECT * FROM MyCTE aS y

That will fail because the CTE only lives as long as the first statement following it's definition, regardless of how many times it's referenced within the statement.