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SELECT

SAC.object_id

,SAC.name

,SAC.column_id

,SAC.system_type_id

,SAC.user_type_id

,SAC.max_length

,SAC.precision

,SAC.scale

,SAC.collation_name

,SAC.is_nullable

,SAC.is_ansi_padded

,SAC.is_rowguidcol

,SAC.is_identity

,SAC.is_computed

,SAC.is_filestream

,SAC.is_replicated

,SAC.is_non_sql_subscribed

,SAC.is_merge_published

,SAC.is_dts_replicated

,SAC.is_xml_document

,SAC.xml_collection_id

,SAC.default_object_id

,SAC.rule_object_id

,SAC.is_sparse

,SAC.is_column_set

FROM sys.all_columns SAC

WHERE SAC.object_id = OBJECT_ID('TableName')

To compare the values you can concatenate the column values and use the hashbyte to generate a checksum

SELECT

ST.ID_KEY

,HASHBYTES('SHA1',ST.ColSet.value('.','nvarchar(max)')) AS SHA1_VAL

,ROW_NUMBER() OVER

(

PARTITION BY HASHBYTES('SHA1',ST.ColSet.value('.','nvarchar(max)'))

ORDER BY ST.ID_KEY

) AS DUPE_RID

FROM dbo.SomeTable ST