Jacob Wilkins (5/24/2016)

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Pretty sure it requires sysadmin.

There's an active Connect item complaining about this: https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/351698/msit-mso-debugging-sql-query-fails-with-an-error-the-execute-permission-was-denied-on-the-object-sp-enable-sql-debug.

The Microsoft engineer who responded initially said:

The minimum security requirement is sysadmin. This is by design from SQL engine security.

We can upvote the Connect item, but given how long it's been since a response from MS, I wouldn't hold my breath.

Cheers!