You can see an aggregate of query performance from the queries that are still in cache by looking at sys.dm_exec_query_stats.

But, understand, it doesn't show individual calls. It shows aggregate calls. It also doesn't record who made the calls, because again, it's an aggregate. It doesn't store parameters, aggregate. However, it will show you activity that has been occurring on your system. It might prove a little bit helpful until you get appropriate monitoring set up as Gail outlined.