Is this what you are looking for ?

with MYcte as (

select studentUID, qual, max(regyear) as throughYear

from #AAA_Mytable

group by studentUID, qual

)

SELECTt1.termCalendarID, t1.regyear, t1.studentUid, t1.qual

,coalesce(oa.rollover, 0) as Rollover

from #AAA_Mytable as t1

outer apply (

SELECT 1 as rollover

frommyCTE

WHEREmycte.studentuid=t1.studentuid

and mycte.throughYear=t1.regyear-1

) as oa

This is portable to older SQL Server systems not yet running sql server 2012 and greater than or equal to 2005.