Alerts for severity of 10-16 are not capable of having it log more information.
Your option would be to use Extended Event session or Profiler. I believe Extended Event would be easier to capture the specific transactions hitting that severity though. I believe this article will help show you how to create the session, just may change the predicate to 016.
Shawn Melton
Twitter: @wsmelton
Blog: wsmelton.github.com
Github: wsmelton