I'm still not able to understand what you want to do here.
If you had one record per Calendar_Month, this would make more sense to me. As it is, you have a lot of them, with no apparent way to sort them. So I'm guessing you want to somehow SUM your columns and group by Calendar_Month or something? If so, you would want to use that as your starting point and then do something like this:
-- This would have to have one record per Calendar_Month to work:
WITH A AS
(
SELECT *, RN = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Calendar_Month) FROM #TrialBalance
)
SELECT
A.Trial_Balance_ID,
A.FISCALYEAR,
A.Calendar_Month,
A.actindx,
A.CATEGORY,
A.POSTINGTYPE,
A.ACTIVITYDEBIT,
A.ACTIVITYCREDIT,
A.NETAMOUNT,
A.Trial_Balance_Debit,
A.Trial_Balance_Credit,
A.Trial_Balance_Net,
ISNULL(B.Trial_Balance_Debit, 0) AS Beginning_Balance_Debit,
A.Beginning_Balance_Credit,
A.Beginning_Balance_Net
FROM A
LEFT OUTER JOIN A AS B ON
A.RN - 1 = B.RN
ORDER BY A.Calendar_Month