To be honest I do not know of any "Standard" test procedure as you are requesting. But you can do a great deal of "testing", checking for "good practices" by examining the T-SQL statements. I would for example.

1. Each SP should include a TRY CATCH block - if some mistakes exist the TRY CATCH can be coded to return a appropriate error message.

2. Each SP should (in my opinion) have a BEGIN / COMMIT / ROLL BACK transaction. To some extent makes each SP check itself and "undo" errors. Try reading this

http://www.sqlteam.com/article/introduction-to-transactions

and

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/database/sqlservertransactions.aspx

3. Visual examination to insure that each update SP has the appropriate WHERE clause. (MOST IMPORTANT)

Hope this gets you started.